January 1, 2017 Journal article Open Access

First rocks sampled in Antarctica (1840): Insights into the landing area and the Terre Adélie craton

Julien Reynes; Jérôme Bascou; René-Pierre Ménot; Rosaria Palmeri; Gaston Godard

Abstract In January 1840, Dumont d'Urville's expedition landed along the coast of "Terre Adelie" and took three rock specimens, the first ever sampled on the Antarctic continent. The petrological and geochemical study of these samples, stored at the "Museum national d'histoire naturelle", in Paris, characterizes them as migmatitic cordierite + microcline-bearing paragneiss and mesocratic quartz + biotite-bearing amphibolite. The paragneiss reached 670 °C at 3.2 kbar, suggesting an abnormal high- T gradient of ca. 60 °C/km during the regional metamorphism that affected the "Terre Adelie" craton 1.7 Ga ago. The studied samples are identical to the rocks observed at the "Rocher du Debarquement", confirming that this was the actual landing place. On the other hand, quartz diorite and volcanic rocks reportedly sampled in Adelie Land during the same expedition and stored at Le Mans and Toulouse Museums do not originate from Antarctica. The examination of Dumont d'Urville's map suggests an icecap shrinking by 9 km in the landing area since 1840.