July 3, 2018 Journal article Open Access

D'Angelo, Alessandra; Giglio, Federico; Miserocchi, Stefano; Sanchez-Vidal, Anna; Aliani, Stefano; Tesi, Tommaso; Viola, Angelo; Mazzola, Mauro; Langone, Leonardo

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    <subfield code="a">Multi-year particle fluxes in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Earth-Surface Processes</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">Abstract. High-latitude regions are
warming faster than other areas due to reduction of snow cover and sea ice
loss and changes in atmospheric and ocean circulation. The combination of
these processes, collectively known as polar amplification, provides an
extraordinary opportunity to document the ongoing thermal destabilisation of
the terrestrial cryosphere and the release of land-derived material into the
aquatic environment. This study presents a 6-year time series (2010–2016) of
physical parameters and particle fluxes collected by an oceanographic mooring
in Kongsfjorden (Spitsbergen, Svalbard). In recent decades, Kongsfjorden has
been experiencing rapid loss of sea ice coverage and retreat of local
glaciers as a result of the progressive increase in ocean and air
temperatures. The overarching goal of this study was to continuously monitor
the inner fjord particle sinking and to understand to what extent the
temporal evolution of particulate fluxes was linked to the progressive
changes in both Atlantic and freshwater input. Our data show high peaks of
settling particles during warm seasons, in terms of both organic and
inorganic matter. The different sources of suspended particles were described
as a mixing of glacier carbonate, glacier siliciclastic and autochthonous marine input. The glacier releasing
sediments into the fjord was the predominant source, while the sediment input
by rivers was reduced at the mooring site. Our time series showed that the
seasonal sunlight exerted first-order control on the particulate fluxes in
the inner fjord. The marine fraction peaked when the solar radiation was at a
maximum in May–June while the land-derived fluxes exhibited a 1–2-month lag
consistent with the maximum air temperature and glacier melting. The
inter-annual time-weighted total mass fluxes varied by 2 orders of magnitude
over time, with relatively higher values in 2011, 2013, and 2015. Our results
suggest that the land-derived input will remarkably increase over time in a
warming scenario. Further studies are therefore needed to understand the
future response of the Kongsfjorden ecosystem alterations with respect to the
enhanced release of glacier-derived material.</subfield>
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    <subfield code="a">10.5194/bg-15-5343-2018</subfield>
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